Understanding the Different Types of Cannabinoids and Their Effects

Cannabinoids are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant that interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the human body.

This system helps regulate key functions such as mood, pain, appetite, sleep and immune response.

The ECS is made up of receptors, molecules, and enzymes.

Common Types of Cannabinoids Found in Cannabis

Phytocannabinoids are cannabinoids produced in the cannabis plant.

Some cannabinoids cause the psychoactive effects associated with cannabis, while others have no intoxicating effects at all.

THC

THC can create feelings of euphoria and alter sensory perception.

However, consuming too much may lead to anxiety or paranoia in some individuals.

CBD

CBD (Cannabidiol) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis and hemp is known to help with anxiety, depression and seizures.

CBG

CBG (Cannabigerol) is often called the “mother of all cannabinoids” because it’s the precursor from which other cannabinoids like THC and CBD are synthesized.

CBN

CBN (Cannabinol) is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid that forms as THC ages and breaks down.

It’s most commonly known for its sedative effects, making it popular in sleep aids and relaxation products.

CBC

CBC (Cannabichromene) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis that may support mood, pain relief, and brain health.

Though less well-known than THC or CBD, it plays a key role in the overall “entourage effect” how cannabinoids work better together.

THCV

THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin) is a rare, psychoactive cannabinoid found in certain cannabis strains, known for its energizing, appetite-suppressing, and focus-enhancing effects.

It's often called “diet weed” because, unlike THC it may actually reduce hunger.

Delta-8 & Delta-10

Delta-8 THC and Delta-10 THC are two minor, psychoactive cannabinoids derived from hemp or cannabis.

They are structural isomers of Delta-9 THC (the most well-known form of THC), meaning they have similar molecular formulas but different arrangements, resulting in milder, unique highs.

Cannabinoid Receptors

There are 2 main types of receptors that cannabinoids interact with; CB1 and CB2.

CB1 Receptors

CB1 receptors are found mostly in the brain and central nervous system.

Their main functions include:

• Mood regulation
• Memory control
• Appetite and sleep aid
• Modulates pain perception

The cannabinoid THC binds directly to CB1 receptors producing the “high” you get from consuming cannabis.

CB2 Receptors

CB2 receptors are found in the immune system and peripheral organs like GI tract, spleen and tonsils.

Their main functions include:

• Inflammation reduction
• Immune response regulation
• Pain management

CBD does not directly bind to CB2, but influences it indirectly, often enhancing natural endocannabinoid activity.

Cannabinoid Conclusion

In conclusion, cannabinoids are powerful natural compounds found in the cannabis plant that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system to help regulate essential functions like mood, pain, sleep, appetite, and immune response.

From well-known cannabinoids like THC and CBD to emerging ones like CBG, CBN, and THCV, each plays a unique role in supporting physical and mental well-being.

Whether used for therapeutic, medical, or recreational purposes, understanding how cannabinoids work can help individuals make more informed choices about their health and cannabis consumption.